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La mastectomía total por cáncer de mama produce una deformidad importante en las pacientes, con alteraciones severas de su autoestima, imagen corporal, sexualidad, y calidad de vida en general. El gold estándar en los países desarrollados es la reconstrucción mamaria inmediata y, actualmente existen pocas contraindicaciones absolutas para realizar alguna técnica de reconstrucción. Este artículo se describen las opciones reconstructivas (colgajos e implantes), tiempos de reconstrucción, ventajas y desventajas de ambas técnicas, potenciales complicaciones, y se propone un algoritmo de tratamiento. La elección de la técnica de reconstrucción debería ser decidida entre la paciente y su cirujano/a, considerando características físicas, factores relacionados con la enfermedad y tratamiento oncológico, y preferencias de las pacientes.
Total mastectomy for breast cancer treatment can be a cause of deformity and distress for patients, with severe impairment of self-esteem, body image, sexuality, and quality of life. In developing countries, immediate breast reconstruction is the gold standard, and there are only a few absolut contraindications for some technique of breast reconstruction. This article describes reconstructive options (flaps and allo-plastic material), reconstructive timing, pros and cons of both techniques, potential complications, and an algorithm of treatment is proposed. Choice of the reconstructive technique should be decided by the patient and her surgeon, considering physical characteristics, factors related with the disease and oncologic treatments, and patients' preferences.
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El Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans es un tumor cutáneo fibrohistiocítico, extremadamente raro y representa menos del 1% de los tumores mamarios. Se caracteriza por un lento crecimiento, pero con comportamiento infiltrante con altas tasas de recidiva local. Se puede sospechar clínicamente, la confirmación es histopatológica y se debe complementar con inmunohistoquímica. El tratamiento de elección es quirúrgico. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 23 años con Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans de mama derecha, sometida a tumorectomía y reconstrucción inmediata de colgajo de dorsal ancho. La paciente tuvo evolución satisfactoria, sin evidencia de enfermedad.
SUMMARY Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a fibro histiocytic cutaneous tumor extremely rare that accounts for less than 1% of all breast cancers, and it is characterized by slow growing but locally invasiveness with high recurrence rates. Confirmation of the diagnosis is with histopathology with immunohistochemistry. Treatment of choice is surgical resection with latissimus dorsalis reconstruction. We present the case of a 23-year-old woman with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the right breast in whom a tumorectomy followed by latissimus dorsalis reconstruction was performed. The patient had a favorable clinical evolution remaining free of disease.
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical prognosis of stage Ⅰ breast reconstruction after modified radical mastectomy by using Meta-analysis.Methods:Wanfang Resource Database, Chinese Journal Full-Text Database, VIP Information Resource System, Chinese Scientific and Technological Journal Database, Cochrane Library, EMbase, PubMed were searched by computer. The retrieval time was from the establishment of each database to August 25, 2021. To collect clinical control test group (CCT) and randomized controlled trial(RCT) on breast reconstruction after radical mastectomy. The researchers independently searched the inclusion and exclusion criteria, screened and sorted them, evaluated them, extracted relevant data, and performed Meta-analysis with Rev man 5.3 software.Results:Twelve research were enrolled in this study.the Meta-analysis results showed that there were no significant differences in the local recurrence rate, distant metastasis rate, 3-year tumor free survival rate and complications between the patients performed stage Ⅰ breast reconstruction after modified radical mastectomy and the patients only performed modified radical mastectomy ( OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.50 - 1.68, P = 0.77; OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.42 - 1.06, P = 0.09; OR = 1.22, 95% CI 0.77 - 1.93, P = 0.40; OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.58 - 1.41, P = 0.66). The quality of life score in the patients performed stage Ⅰ breast reconstruction after modified radical mastectomy was higher than that in the patients only performed modified radical mastectomy ( MD = 9.79, 95% CI 8.82 - 10.76, P<0.001). Conclusions:StageⅠbreast reconstruction after modified radical mastectomy can reduce the pressure of patients due to physical defects, help patients build up confidence and improve their quality of life.
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Objective: To investigate the oncologic and surgical safety of the fused fascia method for immediate breast reconstruction with implants. Methods: The clinical data of 343 patients with immediate breast reconstruction with implants in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital from 2014-2017 were retrospectively analyzed to compare the 5-year local recurrence-free survival, 5-year disease-free survival and 5-year overall survival of patients with breast reconstruction by fusion fascia and other methods, and to analyze the complication incidences of implant removal between different implant groups. Results: Of the 343 patients with breast reconstruction, 95 were in the fused fascia group (fascia group) and 248 were in the non-fascia group (25 in the bovine pericardial patch group and 223 in the muscle flap group). At a median follow-up of 49 months, the differences in 5-year local recurrence-free survival (90.1% and 94.9%, respectively), 5-year disease-free survival (89.2% and 87.6%, respectively), and 5-year overall survival (95.2% and 95.1%, respectively) between patients in the fascial and non-fascial groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The complication incidence of implant removal was 24.0% (6/25) in the patch group and 2.1% (2/95) and 2.2% (5/223) in the fascia and muscle flap groups, respectively. Conclusion: Immediate breast reconstruction with fused fascial combined with implant is safe and feasible, less invasive than muscle flaps, more economical and with fewer complications than patches.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Cattle , Female , Mastectomy/methods , Retrospective Studies , Breast Implants/adverse effects , Feasibility Studies , Mammaplasty/methods , Breast Neoplasms/complications , Treatment Outcome , Postoperative Complications/surgeryABSTRACT
Using the serratus anterior fascia may be a safe and effective option to recreate the lateral breast profile during subpectoral breast reconstruction, with minimal functional impact on the donor site. However, the literature is scarce when it comes to studies on this fascia flap in implant-based reconstruction. This article aimed to review the use of the serratus anterior fascia in immediate implant-based breast reconstruction, searching the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, and SciELO. The search was carried out by combining the following keywords: 'breast reconstruction' and 'serratus anterior fascia'. In the Pubmed and Embase databases, the search yielded a total of 12 and 15 articles, respectively, of which seven were selected according to the scope of this article. We found no studies on serratus anterior fascia and breast reconstruction in the Lilacs and SciELO databases. All works have results favorable for the use of the serratus anterior fascia flap and agree that this technique can be considered in the algorithm for the coverage of the inferolateral portion during subpectoral breast reconstruction
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Fascia/transplantation , Intermediate Back Muscles/transplantation , MastectomyABSTRACT
Objective:To examine the feasibility and safety of endoscopic subcutaneous mastectomy and immediate reconstruction via a small skin incision approach without gas and mesh for early breast carcinomas.Methods:We analyzed 7 patients diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent an endoscopic subcutaneous mastectomy and immediate reconstruction from Jun. to Nov. 2021 using a gasless and meshless small skin incision approach at the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC. Mean age was 44.9 (29-63) years. Clinical stage, postoperative complications and other data of patients were collected. Patients were required to fill in BREAST-Q scale anonymously before and during postoperative follow-up. The difference was considered significant for P < 0.05. Results:The tumors were all unilateral and solitary lesions, with a mean diameter of 1.74 (0-5) cm. The average distance of mass from the nipple on imaging was 2.11cm (range 0 to 4) . Postoperative pathological clinical stage,1 patient was in Tis, 3 patients were in stage I, 2 patients were in stage II and a pathological complete response was achieved in one patient (ypT0pN0cM0 CR) . The mean operative time was 245.3 (195-316) min, the mean intraoperative bleeding volume was 37.1ml, the mean postoperative hospital stay was 5.1 d, and the median follow-up time was 8.8 (6-11.2) months. All the 7 patients had incision healing at the first stage, and no complications such as infection, incision complications, capsular contracture, nipple-areola complex or skin flap necrosis, removal or displacement of breast implant occurred. No local recurrence or metastasis was detected during the follow-up period. Compared with preoperative, the scores of postoperative psychosocial status, chest wall status were lower ( P<0.05) , but still ideal, while breast satisfaction and sexual satisfaction scores were not significantly different from preoperative baseline ( P>0.05) . Conclusion:This study indicates that endoscope-assisted breast reconstruction with gasless and meshless is a safe and feasible surgical intervention method for early breast cancer, with good cosmetic effects, and can be promoted as a new type of breast reconstruction.
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Objective:To explore the significance of exposing the circummammary ligament under endoscopy and the effect of membrane anatomy in breast reconstruction.Methods:The case data of 49 breast cancer patients who underwent endoscopic nipple-sparing mastectomy combined with one-stage breast reconstruction with prosthesis implantation in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from February 2014 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, there were 44 cases of posterior pectoralis prosthesis implantation, 5 cases of anterior pectoralis prosthesis implantation. The anatomical structure of the circummammary ligament was observed under endoscopy during operation, and the annular mammary ligament was used as an anatomical marker to complete subcutaneous glandectomy and prosthesis implantation for breast reconstruction, the BREAST-Q scales were used to evaluate the postoperative effect.Results:The medial sternal ligament, sub clavicular ligament, lateral confluence ligament and triangular ligament condensation could be clearly exposed in all 49 cases. Breast reconstruction module of BREAST-Q were used to evaluate the surgery effect after breast cancer surgery, the scores of postoperative breast satisfaction, chest wall status, psychosocial status and sexual health status were 81.43±12.57, 88.39±10.61, 88.04±13.70, 74.82±15.93.Conclusion:The endoscopic technique is beneficial to expose the circummammary ligament during operation, and surgical resection and reconstruction can better restore the appearance of the breast and improve postoperative satisfaction according to the principle of membrane anatomy.
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Objective: Breast reconstruction after mastectomy has increased the expectations regarding aesthetic outcomes and increased quality of life for the patient. The survey is an important study tool to assess patient satisfaction among those undergoing cancer treatment. The study aims at identifying the level of satisfaction of patients who underwent mastectomy because of breast cancer, followed by immediate reconstruction with silicone implants. Methods: Retrospective cohort study with 42 patients who underwent mastectomy and immediate reconstruction with silicone prosthesis, who answered the BREAST-Q patient reported outcome questionnaire. Results: In general, 78.1% of the patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the reconstruction, and 64.3% were satisfied or very satisfied about their self-esteem. Conclusion: Reconstructive surgery after mastectomy should be provided for patients whenever possible since it leads to higher self-esteem and personal satisfaction.
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Objective:To investigate the feasibility of the surgical mode of immediate implant-based breast reconstruction (IIBR) with silicone implants under subcutaneous tissue directly after the total mastectomy in breast cancer.Methods:Data of 53 patients who underwent (skin-sparing mastectomy, SSM) or (nipple-areola-complex-sparing mastectomy, NSM) combined with IIBR in Department of Breast Surgery, Maoming People’s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups, 31 cases with the silicone implant placed in different anatomical locations of the chest wall, including subcutaneous tissue, and 22 cases with subpectoral space implantation followed NSM or SSM. The two groups were compared in terms of the short-term and long-term complications, as well as the aesthetic outcome. Within 12 months the local recurrence rate was collected to evaluate the treatment safety of the two groups preserving the thickness of subcutaneous adipose after NSM or SSM.Results:There was no nipple-areola-complex (NAC) or skin flap for both groups, and the time of removing the drainage tube had no significant difference ( P>0.05) . There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the short-term complications within 6 months (repeated local infection and unknown effusion occurrence) , the long-term complications after 6 months (local skin with wrinkles sign, prosthesis displacement, and grade III-IV capsular contracture ( P>0.05) . However, the subcutaneous tissue implant group were superior ( P<0.05) in cosmetic outcome because of the breast had better symmetry. What’s more, no local tumor recurrence occurred in either group within 12 months. Conclusions:IIBR of subcutaneous tissue implantation (without patches) is an economical, novel, safe, and effective surgical mode for breast reconstruction, and the key to this operation mode depends on quality control of surgical procedures and the thickness of skin flap ≥ 1cm covering silicone implants. However, due to the cases enrolled in this study is not enough and short follow-up time, further clinical studies are still needed.
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Breast cancer, as the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women, remains a worldwide public health dilemma. With the improvement of patients’ quality of life and survival rate, the increasing number of patients tend to choose immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) after mastectomy for breast cancer, which is conducive to improving patients' mental health and life qualities. It has also accelerated the continuous innovation of breast reconstruction technology. However, there are still many controversies globally regarding the choice of postmastectomy reconstruction for different stages of breast cancer. Different stages of breast cancer have big variability in tumor volume, treatment plans, risk of complications, patient demands and cognitive condition. Therefore, multiple aspects such as oncology safety and aesthetic requirements of patients should be taken into consideration by surgeons. Based on clinical experience of Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and domestic and foreign literature, this article aims to analyze the characteristics of immediate breast reconstruction, explores the role of IBR in different stages of breast cancer treatment, and to provide a reference for the comprehensive treatment of breast cancer.
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At present, the most commonly used treatment methods for breast cancer are modified radical mastectomy (MRM) and breast conserving surgery. Patients undergoing breast conserving surgery can achieve good postoperative appearance and efficacy, while its surgical indications are very strict. Most women suffering from breast cancer cannot avoid the physical and mental trauma caused by the loss of breast after MRM. The promotion of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) has greatly improved the quality of life of patients after surgery. This paper reviews the progress of indications, influencing factors, various surgical methods of IBR after MRM.
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Objective:To investigate the surgical method and clinical application value of single-port inflatable endoscopic prepectoralis prosthesis implantation for breast reconstruction (external prosthesis wrapping Off-Label).Methods:From September 2021 to February 2022, 7 breast cancer patients who underwent single-port inflatable endoscopic prepectoralis prosthesis implantation breast reconstruction (Off-Label) in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Statistical analysis of surgical complications, postoperative movement deformities, postoperative chest wall pain, postoperative quality of life and satisfaction scores of patients were conducted.Results:All 7 patients successfully completed the operation. There were no complications such as postoperative bleeding, infection, ischemic necrosis of nipple-areola complex or skin flap, postoperative movement deformity, postoperative chest wall pain, capsular contracture, prosthesis exposure or removal. The BREAST-Q scale was used to evaluate the quality of life and satisfaction after breast reconstruction. Postoperative breast satisfaction (55-100 points), chest wall status (52-89 points), and social psychological status (62-100 points) can be compared High rating.Conclusion:The single-port inflatable endoscopic prepectoral prosthesis implantation breast reconstruction (Off-Label) can achieve better radical effect and cosmetic effect through a shorter operation time, and the postoperative quality of life and satisfaction of patients are higher.
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INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVO: la reconstrucción mamaria diferida o post mastectomía tiene una importancia trascendental en la vida de la mujer así también como parte del tratamiento integral y multidisciplinario del cáncer mamario, ya que tamaña agresión impacta en la autoestima y funcionalidad social en aquellas mujeres que por algún motivo no fueron sometidas a reconstrucción inmediata. El objetivo es describir a través de la técnica expansor-implante, matriz dérmica autóloga, injerto de grasa y reconstrucción del complejo areola pezón con tejidos autólogos, los resultados alcanzados en pacientes mastectomizadas y reconstruidas de manera diferida. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: es un estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal, observacional y descriptivo de una serie pequeña de 5 pacientes privadas mastectomizadas no irradiadas que no fueron sometidas por algún motivo a reconstrucción inmediata en otros centros médicos y que acudieron al consultorio privado derivadas por médicos cirujanos mastólogos-oncólogos para ser sometidas en forma diferida a reconstrucción con expansor implante en una secuencia técnica de 3 tiempos quirúrgicos en un periodo comprendido entre abril del 2015 y octubre del 2020. RESULTADOS: la reconstrucción diferida habitualmente la realizamos con expansor-implante y optamos por la utilización de colgajos autólogos siempre cuando se hubiera irradiado la mama enferma. En 4 de 5 pacientes realizamos la reconstrucción del complejo areola pezón (CAP), 3 pacientes fueron de reconstrucción unilateral y 2 de bilateral, en 2 mujeres ocupamos prótesis de doble lumen tipo anatómicos y en 3 mujeres expansor con puerto a distancia, utilizando en 2 pacientes, prótesis de forma redonda y en un implante expansor anatómico. Presentamos un caso de deflación del implante a los 3 años post reconstrucción no reportamos casos de necrosis grasa, ni cuadros infecciosos, no presentamos casos de contractura capsular y reportamos un solo caso de seroma tardío de origen traumático en una paciente de reconstrucción unilateral a los 7 meses post implante. CONCLUSIÓN: la técnica reconstructiva diferida de expansor-implante, matriz dérmica autóloga, y tejidos propios para la reconstrucción del CAP, representan una buena opción terapéutica de baja morbilidad en pacientes que no han sido sometidas a irradiación post mastectomía. Creemos que a nivel nacional aún faltan políticas en salud y conductas que beneficien a las mujeres con cáncer mamario en el camino largo del tratamiento integral de la enfermedad hasta la reconstrucción mamaria y su re inserción con funcionalidad social, laboral y emocional, para unificar criterios y protocolos entre servicios públicos, privados, ministerio de salud, secretarias regionales de salud y sociedades científicas de Mastologia y Cirugía Plástica apoyando a los pocos equipos en reconstrucción mamaria , optimizando protocolos médicos que beneficien a las pacientes enfermos.
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: delayed breast reconstruction or post mastectomy has a transcendental importance in women Ìs life as well as part of the comprehensive and multidisciplinary treatment of breast cancer. Such aggression impacts on self-esteem and social functionality in women who for some reason were not undergoing immediate reconstruction. The objective is to describe the results achieved in mastectomized patients, through the expander-implant technique, autologous dermal matrix, fat graft and reconstruction of the nipple areola complex (NAC) with autologous tissues MATERIAL AND METHOD: it is a retrospective, longitudinal, observational and descriptive study of a small group of 5 non-irradiated mastectomized private patients who were not subjected to an immediate reconstruction at other medical centers. They came to the private practice referred by other mastologists-oncologists medical surgeons to be submitted to a delayed breast reconstruction with expander prosthesis in a 3 surgical times technique between April 2015 and October 2018. RESULTS: the delayed breast reconstruction is usually performed with expander prosthesis and for those injured breasts that had been irradiated, we use autologous flaps. In 4 out of 5 patients we performed the reconstruction of the NAC, 3 were submitted to unilateral reconstruction and 2 were bilateral, 2 women had anatomical double lumen prosthesis, 3 had expander implant with remote port at which 2 were round and one anatomical. We presented only one case of deflation 3 years later after reconstruction. We didn Ìt report cases of fat necrosis nor infectious symptoms. We didn Ìt have any case of capsular contracture but only a single case of late seroma after 7 months' post implant in a patient with unilateral reconstruction due to a traumatic incident. CONCLUSION: the delayed breast reconstructive technique with expander-implant, uses of autologous dermal matrix or own tissues for reconstructing the NAC, represents a good therapeutic option of low morbidity to patients who have not undergone post-mastectomy irradiation. We briefly believe that at a National level there is a lack of health policies and therapeutic behaviors that could benefit women with breast cancer on this long path from a complete treatment of this disease to breast reconstruction and its social, labor and emotional reintegration, to unify criteria and protocols between public services, private services, ministry of health, regional secretaries of health and scientific societies such as Mastology and Plastic Surgery to support the few teams in breast reconstruction and optimize medical protocols to benefits the sick patient.
Subject(s)
Surgery, Plastic , Mammaplasty , Breast Neoplasms , TransplantsABSTRACT
Abstract Objective Infection and exposure of the implant are some of the most common and concerning complications after implant-based breast reconstruction. Currently, there is no consensus on the management of these complications. The aim of the present study was to review our cases and to present a clinical protocol. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of consecutive patients submitted to implant-based breast reconstruction between 2014 and 2016. All patients were managed according to a specific and structured protocol. Results Implant exposure occurred in 33 out of 277 (11.9%) implant-based reconstructions. Among these, two patients had history of radiotherapy and had their implant removed; Delayed reconstruction with a myocutaneous flap was performed in both cases. Signs of severe local infection were observed in 12 patients, and another 5 presented with extensive tissue necrosis, and they were all submitted to implant removal; of them, 8 underwent reconstruction with a tissue expander, and 2, with a myocutaneous flap. The remaining 14 patients had no signs of severe infection, previous irradiation or extensive tissue necrosis, and were submitted to primary suture as an attempt to salvage the implant. Of these, 8 cases (57.1%) managed to keep the Conclusion Our clinical protocol is based on three key points: history of radiotherapy, severe infection, and extensive tissue necrosis. It is a practical and potentially-reproducible method of managing one of the most common complications of implant-based breast reconstruction.
Resumo Objectivo Infecção e exposição da prótese são algumas das complicações mais comuns e preocupantes após reconstrução da mama com implantes. Atualmente, ainda não há consenso quanto ao manejo destas complicações. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de revisar os casos da nossa instituição e apresentar um protocolo clínico. Métodos Realizou-se uma revisão retrospectiva de todos os casos consecutivos submetidos a reconstrução mamária imediata com prótese entre 2014 e 2016. Todos os casos foram conduzidos de acordo com um protocolo específico e estruturado. Resultados A exposição do implante ocorreu em 33 de 227 reconstruções (11,9%). Dentre estas, duas pacientes tinham histórico de radioterapia, e foram submetidas a remoção da prótese e posterior reconstrução com retalho miocutâneo. Sinais de infecção local grave foram observados em 12 pacientes, e, em 5, necrose extensa de tecido, e todas foram submetidas a remoção dos implantes; destas, 8 foram recons truídas com expansor, e 2, com retalho miocutâneo. As 14 pacientes remanecentes não haviam sido submetidas previamente à radioterapia, não tinham sinais de infecção, nem necrose extensa; portanto, foram submetidas a sutura primária em uma tentativa de salvar a prótese. Dessas, 8 pacientes (57,1%) conseguiram manter os implantes originais. Conclusão Nosso protocolo clínico é baseado em três pontos principais: histórico de radioterapia, infecção grave, e necrose extensa de tecido. Ele constitui um método prático e potencialmente reprodutível de manejo de uma das complicações mais comuns da reconstrução mamária com implantes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Mammaplasty/adverse effects , Breast Implants/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Tissue Expansion Devices/adverse effects , Clinical Protocols , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
RESUMO Introdução: O câncer de mama é a segunda neoplasia maligna mais comum em mulheres no Brasil. O grande desafio para os profissionais de saúde é conciliar a fila de espera tanto para as cirurgias oncológicas quanto para as reconstrutivas. O objetivo é avaliar o cenário dos últimos 5 anos das cirurgias de câncer de mama em comparação ao número de cirurgias reconstrutivas realizadas no mesmo período. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem transversal e retrospectiva sobre mastectomias, segmentectomias e reconstruções mamárias realizadas no SUS, entre os anos de 2015 e 2020. Os dados foram coletados no serviço de transferência de dados do SUS, segundo os procedimentos e códigos escolhidos e tabulados no software Microsoft Excel 365. Resultados: Foram realizadas 204.569 cirurgias de câncer de mama, sendo 57% segmentectomias/quadrantectomias e 43% mastectomias. No mesmo período, foram realizadas 17.927 cirurgias plásticas reconstrutivas de mama com implantes após mastectomia, sendo que apenas 20,52% das mulheres mastectomizadas foram submetidas à reconstrução imediata com implantes. Conclusão: O número de cirurgias reconstrutivas de mama no Brasil está bem abaixo do ideal, deixando a maioria das mulheres mastectomizadas com sequelas por um longo período de tempo.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Breast cancer is the second most common malignant neoplasm in women in Brazil. A great challenge for health professionals and to reconcile the waiting line for both oncological and reconstructive surgeries. The objective is to evaluate the last 5 years of breast cancer surgeries compared to the number of reconstructive surgeries performed in the same period. Methods: This is a descriptive study with a transversal and retrospective approach on mastectomies, segmentectomies and breast reconstructions performed at SUS, between the years 2015 and 2020. According to the procedures and codes chosen and tabulated in the Microsoft Excel 365 software, the data were collected in the SUS data transfer service. Results: 204,569 breast cancer surgeries were performed, with 57% segmentectomies/quadrantectomies and 43% mastectomies. In the same period, 17,927 reconstructive plastic breast surgeries were performed with implants after mastectomy, with only 20.52% of mastectomized women undergoing immediate reconstruction with implants. Conclusion: The number of reconstructive breast surgeries in Brazil is below the ideal level, leaving most women mastectomized with sequelae for a long time.
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El síndrome de Poland constituye una malformacion que asocia diversos grados de anomalia toracica y a nivel del miembro superior, con una incidencia de 1 cada 30000 nacidos vivos. Esta patologia geenra ausencia de la glandula mamaria y del musculo pectroral mayor como malformacion mas frecuente. Lo cual produce una asimetria a nivel de torax con perdida de la armonia la cual lleva a una alteracion tanto fisica como psicologica a nivel de la paciente. Por esto es necesario resolver esta patologia con la menor morbilidad posible. El planteo de generar la menor morbilidad nos llevo a realizar una tecnica por abordaje unico sub axilar, a traves del cual se diseca el musculo dorsal ancho y se transpone de forma anterior, obteniendo una sola incision, la cual se mantiene oculta debajo del miembro superior adducido. Produciendo menor tiempo operatorio, menor tiempo de internacion, disminuyendo el número de incsiones y logrando una adecuada fijacion anterior del musculo dorsal ancho.
Poland's syndrome is a malformation associated with varying degrees of thoracic and upper limb abnormality, with an incidence of 1 in 30,000 live births. This pathology generates the absence of the mammary gland and the major pectoral muscle as the most frequent malformation. Which produces an asymmetry at the chest level with loss of harmony which leads to both physical and psychological alteration at the level of the patient. For this reason, it is necessary to resolve this pathology with the least possible morbidity. The proposal to generate the least morbidity led us to perform a single sub axillary approach technique, through which the latissimus dorsi muscle is dissected and transposed anteriorly, obtaining a single incision, which is kept hidden under the upper limb adduced. Producing less operative time, shorter hospitalization time, reducing the number of incisions and achieving an adequate anterior fixation of the latissimus dorsi muscle.
A síndrome de Poland é uma malformação associada a vários graus de anomalia torácica e de membros superiores, com uma incidência de 1 em 30.000 nascidos vivos. Essa patologia gera a ausência da glândula mamária e do músculo pectoral principal como a malformação mais frequente. O que produz uma assimetria ao nível do peito com perda de harmonia que conduz a alterações físicas e psicológicas ao nível do paciente. Por isso, é necessário resolver essa patologia com a menor morbidade possível. A proposta de gerar o mínimo de morbidade nos levou a realizar uma única técnica de abordagem subaxilar, por meio da qual o músculo grande dorsal é dissecado e transposto anteriormente, obtendo-se uma única incisão, que é mantida escondida sob o membro superior. aduzido. Produzindo menos tempo operatório, menor tempo de internação, reduzindo o número de incisões e conseguindo uma fixação anterior adequada do músculo grande dorsal.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Poland Syndrome/surgery , Mammaplasty/methods , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Thoracic Wall/abnormalities , Thoracic Wall/surgeryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Anesthetic management in DIEP-flap breast reconstruction surgery may influence the appearance of postoperative complications. Fluid therapy, vasopressor use, and blood management are controversial. The aim was to audit hemodynamic management and to assess its impact on perioperative outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-seven cases of DIEP-flap breast reconstruction were reviewed. Data collected: anthropometric data; ASA score; comorbidities; timing of reconstruction (immediate/delayed), type of reconstruction (unilateral/bilateral); length of surgery; per-operative complications; per-operative fluid therapy, use of vasopressors, transfusion rate; re-intervention requirements; surgical success rate; hospital stay, and readmission rate. RESULTS: Median crystalloid infusion rate was 3.18 (2.63-3.76) ml/kg/h in the first 24 hours. Intraoperatively, colloids were administered in 35 (52%) patients at a median infusion rate of 1.40 (1.08-1.86) ml/Kg/h; 21 (60%) of them presented some postoperative complication. Hypotensive events were registered in 13 (19%) patients; 9 (69%) suffered some postoperative complication. The only vasopressor used was Ephedrine in 14 (21%) patients, at a median dose of 0 (0-6) mg. Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion was required in 18 (27%) patients. All of the patients who were transfused, 11 (61%) presented some postoperative complication. Hospital stay was 7 (7-9) days. Surgery was successful in 46 (69%) patients and readmission was necessary in 11 (16%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Colloids administration, intraoperative hypotensive events, RBC transfusion, and delayed surgery are variables that could increase the risk of postoperative complications in our series.
OBJETIVO: El manejo anestésico en la cirugía de reconstrucción mamaria con colgajo DIEP podría influir en la aparición de complicaciones posoperatorias. La fluidoterapia, el uso de vasopresores y la tasa transfusional son motivo de controversia. Nuestro objetivo fue auditar el manejo hemodinámico y valorar su impacto en los resultados perioperatorios. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Analizamos 67 pacientes programadas para reconstrucción mamaria con colgajo DIEP. Datos registrados: antropométricos; ASA; comorbilidades; momento de la reconstrucción (inmediata/diferida); tipo de reconstrucción (unilateral/bilateral); duración quirúrgica; complicaciones perioperatorias; fluidoterapia, vasopresores y tasa transfusional peroperatorios; tasa de reintervención, reingresos y éxito de la cirugía; estancia hospitalaria. RESULTADOS: La velocidad promedio de infusión de cristaloides fue de 3,18 (2,63-3,76) ml/kg/h en las primeras 24 h. Intraoperatoriamente se administraron coloides en 35 (52%) pacientes a una velocidad promedio de infusión de 1,40 (1,08-1,86) ml/kg/h, presentando complicaciones posoperatorias en 21 (60%) casos. Trece (19%) pacientes presentaron eventos hipotensivos intraoperatorios, registrándose complicaciones en 9 (69%). El único vasopresor utilizado fue la efedrina en 14 (21%) pacientes, a una dosis mediana de 0 (0-6) mg. Requirieron transfusión sanguínea 18 (27%) pacientes. Del total de pacientes transfundidos, 11 (61%) habían presentado alguna complicación posoperatoria. La cirugía fue un éxito en 46 (69%) casos. La estancia hospitalaria fue de 7 (7-9) días y el reingreso fue necesario en 11 (16%) casos. CONCLUSIONES: La administración de coloides, los eventos hipotensivos intraoperatorios, la transfusión de hemoderivados y la cirugía con reconstrucción tardía son variables que podrían incrementar el riesgo de complicaciones posoperatorias.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Mammaplasty/adverse effects , Perforator Flap/blood supply , Anesthesia , Postoperative Complications , Vasoconstrictor Agents/adverse effects , Colloids/adverse effects , Transfusion Reaction , Fluid Therapy/adverse effects , HemodynamicsABSTRACT
Objective:To explore and analyze the influence of thoracic types and symmetry methods on the treatment effect before operation for the breast cancer patients undergoing immediate breast reconstruction.Methods:From January to October 2018, 30 female patients with unilateral breast cancer, aged 33-48 (39.6±4.6) years, were treated in the Breast Center of Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital. Thoracic CT was used to analyze thoracic types and symmetry. The measurement indexes included the maximum transverse diameter of thorax, the maximum longitudinal diameter of left and right sides, the ratio of the maximum transverse longitudinal diameter of left and right sides, the anterior chest angle of left and right sides, the posterior chest angle and the external chest angle, and the type and symmetry of thorax were analyzed, and the choice of prosthesis was adjusted according to the measurement results.Results:All the 30 patients recovered smoothly, and no complications such as infection and prosthesis removal occurred. Anatomical prostheses were selected in 22 patients, including 12 cases with medium high protrusion prosthesis, 10 cases with low protrusion prosthesis and 8 cases with round low protrusion prosthesis. The average follow-up time was 15 months after operation. The postoperative follow-up photos were evaluated aesthetically by using the BRAST-Q questionnaire and 3 non-operative doctors, among which 22 cases were excellent, 4 cases were good, 3 cases passed and 1 case was poor. Excellent and good rate was 86.7%. Among them, 3 cases were satisfactory, 1 case was scar hyperplasia of local incision, 2 cases were mild capsular contracture, and 1 case was subject to prosthesis displacement.Conclusions:The measurement and analysis of thoracic type and symmetry before operation can help to adjust the choice of prosthesis, check the obvious thoracic deformity and avoid affecting the surgical results.
ABSTRACT
Surgical treatment is an important part of comprehensive management for breast cancer patients. Loss of breast will bring serious psychological trauma to patients and greatly reduce the quality of life. In autologous breast reconstruction, deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap (DIEP) -a representative reconstructive technology has its incomparable advantages. The flap has sufficient blood supply. The reconstructed breast has natural contour and texture, and the complications in the donor area were quite low. It is also an important alternative to rescue the reconstructive failures. However, DIEP flap is difficult and has a long learning curve. The key technical points and difficulties not only run through the whole process of operation, but also exist before and after operation. On the basis of mastering the main concepts of DIEP, this paper would elaborate the important details in the operation process and emphasize the monitoring of skin flap after operation and the corresponding plan. This will help to better popularize the operation technique, improve the success rate of operation and patient satisfaction, while reduce operative complications and benefit more breast cancer patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the efficacy and clinical value of two-stage implant-based breast reconstruction after total mastectomy for breast cancer patients.Methods:Thirty-two patients with breast cancer, who underwent nipple-sparing mastectomy or skin-sparing mastectomy, primary skin expander implantation, and permanent implant replacement after radiotherapy from January 2018 to December 2020 in the Breast Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. Record the operation time of the patient, the interval between replacement surgery and radiotherapy, prosthesis volume, the difference between the volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution in the dilator and the volume of the prosthesis, the retention time of the postoperative drainage tube, the satisfaction of the breast shape and the complications after the replacement.Results:The average operation time was (67.81±19.71) min; the average time interval between replacement surgery and radiotherapy was (9.88±2.00) months; the average volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution in the dilator was (225.47±56.83) mL, and the average prosthesis volume was (259.06±70.88) mL, the average difference between the volume of the prosthesis and the volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution in the dilator was (33.59±14.88) mL; the volume of the prosthesis is increased by an average of (13.65±5.19)% compared with the dilator; the average time of drainage tube retained after the operation was (9.03±1.40) d; satisfaction with breast shape after replacement: excellent in 23 cases (71.9%), general in 8 cases (25.0%), poor in 1 case (3.1%); postoperative complications: incision fat liquefaction 1 case of dehiscence (3.1%), 2 cases of seroma (6.3%), no serious complications such as external exposure and removal of the prosthesis.Conclusions:For patients with breast cancer, who need breast reconstruction after mastectomy, the two-stage implant-based breast reconstruction in which the replacement operation will be carried out more than 6 months after radiotherapy is safe. Moreover, achieve better symmetry and aesthetic effect by releasing the capsule, reconstructing the inframammary fold, and necessary plastic surgery of the contralateral breast.